10097_RadioCoverage

Radio station 'ACM Rock' is broadcasting over the circular area with center in point (x₀, y₀) and radius R. In order to increase the auditorium, it were suggested to build several relay stations. N locations were selected as candidate sites for relay stations. Relay station placed in i-th location will cover a circular area with center in point (x_i, y_i) and radius r_i, where center lies inside the area covered by the base station, (x₀ - x_i)² + (y₀ - y_i)² ≤ R².

Your task is to select a subset of sites for relay stations so that:

1. the covered areas for relays do not intersect (but may touch) one another,
   

2. the total area covered by base station and all relays is maximum possible.

Input contains integer number N followed by real numbers x₀  y₀  R, followed by N triples of real numbers x_i  y_i  r_i.

1 ≤ N ≤ 10,   0 ≤ x_i, y_i, x₀, y₀ ≤ 1000,   1 ≤ r_i ≤ R ≤ 1000.

Output should contain a single real number --- the maximal coverage area with the absolute error less than 10^-2.

1 0 0 10
10 0 10

505.4816