21434_CodetheTree

2022-5-16 18:19| 发布者: Hocassian| 查看: 39| 评论: 0|原作者: 肇庆学院ACM合集

摘要:
C:\Users\Administrator\Downloads\2019-10-12-10-14-4-89505260066199-Problem List-采集的数据-后羿采集器.html

Pro.ID

21434

Title

Code the Tree

Title链接

http://10.20.2.8/oj/exercise/problem?problem_id=21434

AC

4

Submit

22

Ratio

18.18%

时间&空间限制

  • Time Limit: 1000/500 MS (Java/Others)     Memory Limit: 32768/32768 K (Java/Others)
  • 描述

    A tree (i.e. a connected graph without cycles) with vertices numbered by the integers 1, 2, ..., n is given. The "Prufer" code of such a tree is built as follows: the leaf (a vertex that is incident to only one edge) with the minimal number is taken. This leaf, together with its incident edge is removed from the graph, while the number of the vertex that was adjacent to the leaf is written down. In the obtained graph, this procedure is repeated, until there is only one vertex left (which, by the way, always has number n). The written down sequence of n-1 numbers is called the Prufer code of the tree.
    Your task is, given a tree, to compute its Prufer code. The tree is denoted by a word of the language specified by the following grammar:

    T ::= "(" N S ")"
    S ::= " " T S
        | empty
    N ::= number

    That is, trees have parentheses around them, and a number denoting the identifier of the root vertex, followed by arbitrarily many (maybe none) subtrees separated by a single space character. As an example, take a look at the tree in the figure below which is denoted in the first line of the sample input. To generate further sample input, you may use your solution to Problem 2568.
    Note that, according to the definition given above, the root of a tree may be a leaf as well. It is only for the ease of denotation that we designate some vertex to be the root. Usually, what we are dealing here with is called an "unrooted tree".

    输入

    The input contains several test cases. Each test case specifies a tree as described above on one line of the input file. Input is terminated by EOF. You may assume that 1 ≤ n 50.

    输出

    Description

    A tree (i.e. a connected graph without cycles) with vertices numbered by the integers 1, 2, ..., n is given. The "Prufer" code of such a tree is built as follows: the leaf (a vertex that is incident to only one edge) with the minimal number is taken. This leaf, together with its incident edge is removed from the graph, while the number of the vertex that was adjacent to the leaf is written down. In the obtained graph, this procedure is repeated, until there is only one vertex left (which, by the way, always has number n). The written down sequence of n-1 numbers is called the Prufer code of the tree.
    Your task is, given a tree, to compute its Prufer code. The tree is denoted by a word of the language specified by the following grammar:

    T ::= "(" N S ")"
    S ::= " " T S
        | empty
    N ::= number

    That is, trees have parentheses around them, and a number denoting the identifier of the root vertex, followed by arbitrarily many (maybe none) subtrees separated by a single space character. As an example, take a look at the tree in the figure below which is denoted in the first line of the sample input. To generate further sample input, you may use your solution to Problem 2568.
    Note that, according to the definition given above, the root of a tree may be a leaf as well. It is only for the ease of denotation that we designate some vertex to be the root. Usually, what we are dealing here with is called an "unrooted tree".

    Input

    The input contains several test cases. Each test case specifies a tree as described above on one line of the input file. Input is terminated by EOF. You may assume that 1 ≤ n 50.

    Output

    For each test case generate a single line containing the Prufer code of the specified tree. Separate numbers by a single space. Do not print any spaces at the end of the line.

    Sample Input

    (2 (6 (7)) (3) (5 (1) (4)) (8))
    (1 (2 (3)))
    (6 (1 (4)) (2 (3) (5)))

    Sample Output
    5 2 5 2 6 2 8
    2 3
    2 1 6 2 6
    Source

    样例输入

    (2 (6 (7)) (3) (5 (1) (4)) (8))
    (1 (2 (3)))
    (6 (1 (4)) (2 (3) (5)))

    样例输出

    5 2 5 2 6 2 8
    2 3
    2 1 6 2 6

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